If phrónêsis does not develop and define virtue as its own deliberative goal - what does?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25180/lj.v18i2.46Keywords:
Aristotle, deliberation, dialectics, habit, imagination, phrónêsis, virtueAbstract
The article discusses relationships and contexts for "reason", "knowledge", and virtue in Aristotle, based on and elaborating some results from Eikeland (2008). It positions Eikeland (2008) in relation to Moss (2011, 2012, 2014) but with a side view to Cammick (2013), Kristjansson (2014), and Taylor (2016). These all seem to disagree among themselves but still agree partly in different ways with Eikeland. The text focuses on two questions: 1) the role or tasks of "reason", "knowledge", and "virtue" respectively in setting the end or goal for ethical deliberation, and more generally, 2) the role of dialogue or dialectics in Aristotle's philosophy, including its role concerning question one. The author argues that phrónêsis needs to be interpreted in the context of the totality of Aristotle's philosophy, and explains how this totality is fundamentally dialectical.
Downloads
References
Aristotle. Categories. On Interpretation. Prior Analytics [abr. Cat and PrA]. (Aristotle Vol. I, Loeb Classical Library no. 325). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1938.
Aristotle. Posterior Analytics. Topica [abr. PoA and Top]. (Aristotle Vol. II, Loeb Classical Library No. 391). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1960.
Aristotle. On Sophistical Refutations. On Coming-to-be and Passing Away. On the Cosmos [abr. SR]. (Aristotle Vol. III, Loeb Classical Library No. 400). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1955.
Aristotle. On the Soul. Parva Naturalia. On Breath [abr. OtS]. (Aristotle Vol. VIII, Loeb Classical Library No. 288). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1957.
Aristotle. Metaphysics, Books I-IX [abr. Metaph.]. (Aristotle Vol. XVII, Loeb Classical Library No. 271). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1933.
Aristotle. Metaphysics, Books X-XIV. Oeconomica. Magna Moralia [abr. Metaph. and MM]. (Aristo-tle Vol. XVIII, Loeb Classical Library No. 287). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1935.
Aristotle. Physics, Vol. I, Books 1-4, and vol II, Books 5-8 [abr. Ph]. (Aristotle Vol. IV and Vol. V, Loeb Classical Library No. 228 and No. 255), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1957.
Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics [abr. NE]. (Aristotle Vol. XIX, Loeb Classical Library ). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1934.
Aristotle. Athenian Constitution. Eudemian Ethics. Virtues and Vices [abr. EE]. (Aristotle Vol. XX, Loeb Classical Library No. 285). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1935.
Aristotle. Politics [abr. Pol.]. (Aristotle Vol. XXI, Loeb Classical Library No. 264). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1932.
Aristotle. Parts of Animals. Movement of Animals. Progression of Animals [abr. MA]. (Aristotle Vol. XII, The Loeb Classical Library No. 323). English Transl. by E. S. Forster. Cambridge and Lon-don: Harvard University Press, 1937.
Aristoteles. Protreptikos – Hinführung zur Philosophie [abr. Prot]. Rekonstruiert, übersetzt und kommentiert von Gerhart Schneeweiss. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2005.
Aubenque, Pierre. Le problème de l'être chez Aristote: essai sur la problématique aristotélicienne. Paris: PUF, 1962.
Berti, Enrico. "Does Aristotle's conception of dialectic develop?" in William Robert Wians (ed.). Aristotle's Philosophical Development: Problems and Prospects. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Lit-tlefield Publishers, 1996. 105–30.
Cammack, Daniela. "Aristotle's Denial of Deliberation about Ends." Polis. Vol. 30, Nr. 2 (2013): 228-250.
De Pater, Wilhelmus Antonius. Les Topiques d'Aristote et la dialectique platonicienne. Méthodolo-gie de la définition. Fribourg: Editions St. Paul, 1965.
Eikeland, Olav. Erfaring, dialogikk og politikk – den antikke dialogfilosofiens betydning for rekonstruksjonen av moderne empirisk samfunnsvitenskap. Et begrepshistorisk og filosofisk bidrag. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1997.
Eikeland, Olav. "Anámnêsis – dialogisk erindringsarbeid som empirisk forskningsmetode", in Eikeland, Olav, and Knut Fossestøl (eds.). Kunnskapsproduksjon i endring – Nye erfarings- og organisasjonsformer. (AFIs skriftserie nr. 4.). Oslo: Work Research Institute, 1998. 95-136.
Eikeland, Olav. The Ways of Aristotle. Aristotelian Phrónêsis, Aristotelian Philosophy of Dialogue, and Action Research. Bern: Peter Lang, 2008.
Evans, John D.G. Aristotle's Concept of Dialectic, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
Hämäläinen, Hasse. "Aristotle on the Cognition of Value". Journal of Ancient Philosophy Vol. 9, Nr.1 (2015): 88-114.
Hume, David. A Treatise of Human Nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978.
Irwin, Terence Henry. Aristotle's First Principles. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.
Kristjánsson, Kristjan (2014). "On the old saw that dialogue is a Socratic but not an Aristotelian method of moral education." Educational Theory Vol. 64, Nr.4 (2014): 333-348.
Moss, Jessica. "Virtue Makes the Goal Right: Virtue and Phrónêsis in Aristotle's Ethics." Phrónêsis Vol. 56, Nr. 3 (2011): 204-261.
Moss, Jessica. Aristotle on the Apparent Good. Perception, Phantasia, Thought, & Desire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Moss, Jessica. "Was Aristotle a Humean? A Partisan Guide to the Debate" in Roland Polansky (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. 221–241.
Owen, Gwilym Ellis Lane. "Tithénai tà phainómena", in Suzanne Mansion (ed.). Aristote et les problèmes de méthode. Louvain: Publications Universitaires, 1961. 83-103.
Owen, Gwilym Ellis Lane (ed.). Aristotle on dialectic – proceedings of the Third Symposium Aristo-telicum. Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1968.
Reeve, C.D.C. Practices of Reason – Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethic. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Schramm, Michael. Die Prinzipien der Aristotelischen Topik. München – Leipzig: K. G. Saur, 2004.
Sim, May (ed.). From Puzzles to Principles? Essays on Aristotle's Dialectic. Lanham: Lexington Books, 1999.
Taylor, Christopher C. W. "Aristotle on Practical Reason." Oxford Handbooks Online, 2016 (online: http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935314.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935314-e-52).
Wieland, Wolfgang. Die aristotelische Physik – Untersuchungen über die Grundlegung der Natur-wissenschaft und die sprachlichen Bedingungen der Prinzipienforschung bei Aristoteles. Göttingen: Vandehoeck & Ruprecht, 1962.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Olav Eikeland
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
After acceptation of the paper, the author has to sign a Copyright Transfer Agreement granting to Labyrinth and Axia Academic Publishers the exclusive copyrights for the online and printed editions, and to deal with reprint requests from third parties. On special occasions, articles and studies published in Labyrinth may be republished in textbooks or collective works of Axia Academic Publishers as well as translated and published in other languages. By submitting a paper to Labyrinth, you implicitely agree with these conditions.